Thursday, October 23, 2014

OSHA Top 10 Safety Violation for Fiscal Year 2014

Source: U.S. AIR FORCE ACADEMY, Colorado
October 22, 2014


U.S. AIR FORCE ACADEMY, Colo. -- The Occupational Safety and Health Administration recently published a list of the top-10 safety violations for the last fiscal year.



From 1 to 10, those violations are: 

  1. fall protection in construction
  2. hazard communication
  3. construction scaffolding
  4. respiratory protection
  5. lockout and tag-out
  6. powered industrial trucks
  7. electrical wiring methods
  8. construction ladders
  9. machine guarding
  10. general electrical requirements.

'"General electrical requirements' is a broad category for miscellaneous electrical hazards, such as failing to safeguard an electrical circuit," said Cliff Tebbe, Academy Safety Office deputy director.

According to an OSHA news release, the list is preliminary and the administration will publish another list containing finalized information.



"These types of safety oversights are common in general industry, and the Academy has similar workplace environments," Tebbe said. "These are things to look for - the usual suspects when it comes to work center hazards."

The fundamental principal to maintaining a safe work environment here is "early detection and rapid correction," Tebbe said.

"Safety is everyone's business," he said. "Your safety program is only as strong as what people are willing to walk by. If you are willing to walk by a hazard, you are willing to weaken the program and expose another Airman to that hazard."

Visit https://cs3.eis.af.mil/sites/OO-SE-AF-18/default.aspx for more on-duty hazard information and to read about Quest for Zero, an Air Force occupational safety campaign.

My Commentary:


This past year there was a major update to the Fall Protection Standard, mainly reflecting a global perspective of safety by incorporating ANSI standards. Being that this is new, it will take time to get use to. Couple that with the construction industry's history of "subcontractors cutting corners," it is obvious why fall protection in construction is number 1, and construction ladders and construction scaffolding are in the top 10 also.







Thank you for reading.


Tuesday, October 21, 2014

California Bill Could End Use of Temp Workers

from: Insurance Thought Leadership

The California legislature is considering a bill that could rewrite the relationship between employers and temporary staffing agencies. Assembly Bill 1897 (Hernandez, D-48) would make employers that hire laborers from temporary agencies liable if those agencies fail to provide workers’ compensation insurance, violate wage and hour laws or fail to withhold proper taxes.

This legislation could, effectively, end the staffing agency model by making it difficult for most small businesses to use the services. (The text of the bill is here.)

Employers hiring temporary staffing agencies would be responsible for performing due diligence by checking into the internal practices of the staffing agencies to determine whether agencies are properly funded to comply with labor laws and regulations. The employer, as a client of the agency, would be held responsible if the staffing agency failed to meet these requirements. Under the current version of the bill, it would be impossible to “contract around” this requirement, as a waiver would be deemed to violate public policy.

Promoters of AB 1897, including the California Labor Federation, claim that the bill is designed to protect employees of staffing agencies from wage theft and lack of workers’ compensation coverage. But the goal seems to run deeper. Proponents also hope to address wage disparity between full-time and temporary workers, benefit differences and impediments to collective bargaining by temporary employees.

According to the California Chamber of Commerce, which opposes the bill, employers that do not have dedicated human resources or legal departments rely on temporary agencies to prescreen employees, to fill seasonal and short-term positions, to provide cover for employees who are absent and to protect the core group of employees from workforce reductions (the use of temporary workers would be reduced during slack times, instead.)

AB 1897 would make life harder for small businesses by holding them responsible for performing due diligence by seeking agency data outside of their purview and making them financially responsible for factors that are beyond their control, including businesses issues that could drive staffing agencies into bankruptcy. While most staffing agencies are properly insured and funded, this bill will cause small businesses anxiety over increased fines and litigation and create a chilling effect throughout the California labor market.

AB 1897 is currently before the Assembly Committee on Labor and Employment.

Isn't that what the stand fund is for?

Every insurance policy pays a surcharge to the state fund to cover employees in the event that an insurance company fails, a company bought bogus insurance, or a company is uninsured.

What do you expect from California?

I do  not know Hernandez (D-48), and if his leanings are socialist. This may just be an attempt of doing away with temp companies so that companies have to hire ALL employees and provide them with benefits.


I think that the real reason is because SCIF is in financial trouble. They are just trying to pass the cost along to deeper pockets. How do they define "verify the temp company has insurance?" Is asking for a certificate of insurance enough?

How far will the lawyers take this? If a store in a strip mall does not have work comp, is the real estate company then responsible for work comp? If you own your own business and have an office in your home, are you responsible for the plumber's work comp if he doesn't have it?

Problems with this bill:


“Client employer” means an individual or entity that receives obtains or is provided workers to perform labor or services within the usual course of business of the individual or entity from a labor contractor. See the plumber in your house scenario above.

“Labor contractor” means an individual or entity that contracts with a client employer to supply workers to perform labor or services within the usual course of business or otherwise provides workers to perform labor or services within the usual course of business for the client employer. Is maintenance (washing your storefront windows) within the usual course of business?

Where this bill really FAILS:

(b) A client employer shall share with a labor contractor all civil legal responsibility and civil liability for the following:
  1. The payment of wages to workers provided by a labor contractor.
  2. The failure to report and pay all required employer contributions, worker contributions, and personal income tax withholdings as required by the Unemployment Insurance Code.
  3. Failure to obtain secure valid workers’ compensation coverage as required by law Section 3700.

(c) A client employer shall not shift to the labor contractor any legal duties or liabilities under the provisions of Division 5 (commencing with Section 6300) with respect to workers supplied by the labor contractor.
 

(d) The provisions of subdivisions (b) and (c) are in addition to, and shall be supplemental of, any other liability or requirement established by statute or common law. Does that also include FEDERAL IMIGRATION LAW?


Remember Arizona's SB 1070? Does that mean that the Client Employer must check immigration status? Can California enforce Federal Immigration Law?

Thank you for reading




Friday, October 17, 2014

Bluehour bartender burned badly when Everclear from vase ignites, seeks $688,000

Source: Aimee Green, Oregon Live
October 15, 2014


A former bartender at Bluehour in Northwest Portland's Pearl District filed a $688,000 lawsuit this week -- claiming he was burned over much of his body when a large vase containing Everclear broke next to a candle, igniting a countertop next to him.

The restaurant decided to "enhance the bar's atmosphere by placing colored Everclear, a highly flammable alcoholic liquid, in large vases at the base of the bar" and put open-flame candles next to the vases, according to the suit filed Monday in Multnomah County Circuit Court by bartender Steven Grimm.


The suit lists restaurateurs Bruce Carey and Ken Giambalvo as defendants. Carey is well known in the restaurant world. He started Bluehour, Zefiro, Saucebox and 23Hoyt with colleagues. In 2007, he acquired Clarklewis.

Giambalvo worked as chef at Bluehour for more than a decade, and left his position in 2011. But he is still a member of the limited liability company that owns Bluehour, according to the suit. Carey also is a member, the suit states.

A message seeking comment for this story -- left Tuesday with management at Bluehour -- was not returned.

On April 4, 2013, Grimm was working when he accidentally nicked one of the vases and it cracked, pouring the purple-tinted Everclear onto the counter top, the suit states.

"The spilled Everclear came in contact with the open flame candles and immediately combusted," the suit states. "Steven Grimm was immediately covered by the flaming liquid."

Grimm suffered burns to his arms, hands, torso and legs -- and his medical bills have reached $42,000 so far, according to the suit. He also was out of work for one year -- and suffered $46,000 in lost wages, the suit states.

Grimm, who is in his early 30s, returned to tending bar in April 2014 at a different restaurant.

He's seeking $600,000 for pain, permanent disfigurement despite skin-graft surgeries and physical limitations, including not being able to run as exercise because his scarred skin is too tight.

The suit faults the restaurateurs for allegedly placing the Everclear in vases that could easily be broken, placing the vases close to candles and ignoring the flammability warnings on the Everclear label.

Everclear is 95 percent alcohol by volume, and the label on the front of the bottle states: "CAUTION!! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE" and "KEEP AWAY FROM FIRE, HEAT AND OPEN FLAME."

The Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Administration investigated the incident and fined the restaurant $300 in July 2013, finding that it had improperly stored a flammable liquid.

Grimm is represented by Portland attorney Philip Lebenbaum.



This photo shows two large decorative vases full of Everclear that had been tinted purple at Bluehour in 2013. An open flame candle can be seen at the base of the vases.





In the interest of science and the furthering of safety, as Monty Python says, "And now for something completely different......"



5 of the Strongest Liquors in the World

Source: Partyprobs


One of the toughest tequilas around, and packs a mean punch when drinking it. At 150 proof, this liquor will have you begging for mercy in the morning. Not to mention one of the coolest corks, which is a sombrero.


Like is says on the bottle, it is 151 proof rum (75.5% alcohol). Bacardi is very good when mixed with rum-based cocktails, and more famously for lighting shots on fire before taking them. It is the only rum sold with a stainless steel flame arrester attached on the bottle.

If you are a heavy drinker and feeling bold and want to try something new, than this is right down your alley. Banned in 1915 saying it was an addictive psychoactive drug, but by the 21st century it was legalized in many countries including the United States. It ranges from 90-148 proof (45–74% alcohol), but between that and the hallucinations, this had to make the list.


Vodka can make for either a great evening or a horrible night. At an intense 160 proof (38-50% alcohol), this is nothing to mess around with. Usually vodkas are somewhere between 76-100 proof, but the makers in New Jersey took it to another level.


Anyone who's ever been around or consumed Everclear will tell you this is the Strongest liquor. At a staggering 190 proof (95% alcohol), this can be very dangerous if not consumed and handled properly. You should never drink it straight, only to mix with drinks. It is banned in many states, and for good reasons.





Thank you for reading.



Dollar Tree Racks Up Safety Violations AND Comments on Retail Safety


October 16, 2014 

Discounter Dollar Tree Inc. has racked up more workplace-safety violations this year at its stores than nearly any other business in the country, according to federal regulators, a surprise for a chain of retail outlets that had no explosion or worker fatality.


The company has received 48 violations in the past 12 months for problems such as teetering boxes, unsecured gas tanks and blocked electrical outlets that safety officials said make working in the stores unsafe.

The federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration on Wednesday fined the company $262,500 for violations at a store in Watauga, Texas, near Dallas. The fine was Dollar Tree's fourth of more than $100,000 since May and brought the company's total to $866,000 since last October. OSHA plans to announce the Watauga fine on Thursday.

OSHA chief David Michaels said Dollar Tree's recent fines and number of violations could be the highest ever issued for a retail chain. The agency typically issues 30 to 40 citations a year of more than $200,000 each, he said.

"We see a problem in stores across the country," Mr. Michaels said. "Each of these stores has some serious hazards."

Rivals Dollar General Corp. and Family Dollar Stores Inc. each accumulated fines of less than $50,000 over the past year, even though both chains are larger than Dollar Tree. Dollar General and Family Dollar declined to comment.

Dollar Tree has agreed to buy Family Dollar for $8.5 billion, though Dollar General has made a competing offer.

Dollar Tree, which has around 87,000 employees and about 5,000 stores, said it is "committed to maintaining a safe workplace environment for each of our associates. We are currently in the process of contesting recent OSHA citations."

Of the three big dollar-store chains, Dollar Tree most closely lives up to its name, selling most of its items for $1. Dollar General and Family Dollar sell at multiple prices that generally max out around $10 an item.

Both approaches put tremendous pressure on the companies to squeeze out costs to be profitable. Sometimes, no more than two employees work in a store at once. Store sizes typically run between 7,000 and 10,000 square feet.

That can create problems during big merchandise deliveries. Storerooms are small in some locations, meaning boxes are placed in aisles for unloading. If employees are diverted from unloading goods to assist customers, aisles can be left cluttered.

At the Watauga store, OSHA found boxes blocking an exit route, cartons piled 12 to 15 feet high in an unstable manner, unsecured helium cylinders that were in danger of falling on workers and electrical panels that were blocked with merchandise, which OSHA said could have exposed employees to burn and electrical shock injuries.

OSHA said the Watauga citations resulted in especially large fines because the agency had found similar problems at several other stores, indicating a willful violation of safety laws. For example, the agency also found blocked exits at six stores in locations including Rhode Island, New Jersey and Florida.

Looking at violations across a chain has been ramped up under the Obama administration, employer advocates said.

Some attorneys who represent companies in OSHA cases criticized some of the fines for retailers. "The kinds of things they are citing are trivial," said Baruch Fellner, a lawyer who represents retailers in OSHA disputes.

OSHA's Mr. Michaels disagreed. He said Dollar Tree records reviewed by the agency indicated that employees likely had been injured by hazards such as improperly stored boxes.

Most of the inspections of Dollar Tree were prompted by complaints from store employees or managers. In the past five years, OSHA was called to inspect Dollar Tree stores nearly 80 times.

Former employees who were injured at Dollar Tree stores said thousands of boxes of merchandise arrive in a week. Cartons often get stacked carelessly, while empty boxes often are left lying around, posing additional hazards, the employees said in interviews. Several employees said managers ignored safety concerns.

"Things are tumbling on you because the space in the storage room is so small," said Renuka Prasad, a 57-year old former Dollar Tree worker from Lehigh, Fla. She said she quit after a box of cans fell on her head. "We were always complaining to the manager, but she doesn't do anything."

Willie Baker, a former Dollar Tree cashier in Tallahassee, Fla., said she hurt her neck and shoulder lifting crates of soda. "My manager would say, 'This is what corporate wants us to do,' " said Ms. Baker, 56. "To keep your job, you just do what you have to do."





Dollar Tree Racks Up Safety Violations



Source: Tara Bozick, TidewaterBiz

Chesapeake-based Dollar Tree Stores Inc. has been fined more than $800,000 by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for repeated safety violations in the past five months, according to a U.S. Department of Labor news release.


Since 2009, OSHA claims it has received complaints from Dollar Tree employees in 26 states and has cited the national discount retailer for 234 safety violations. Often, OSHA records show, the Fortune 500 company continues to have the same problems.  Most recently, OSHA is proposing $262,500 in penalties for hazards found at a store in Watauga, Texas, in April. At that Texas store, the OSHA citation says boxes blocked exit doors and passageways and that boxes were stacked 12-15 feet high in an unstable manner.

The store also failed to secure its helium tanks from falling in the stockroom and had stacked boxes blocking fire extinguishers and electrical panels, according to the citation notice. The OSHA notice also showed that Dollar Tree was cited for the same violations at different stores in the past.

Dollar Tree released this statement in response to questions: "Our company is committed to maintaining a safe workplace environment for each of our associates. We are currently in the process of contesting recent OSHA citations."

Dollar Tree had 4,992 stores and employed about 17,600 full-time and 69,800 part-time workers as of Feb. 1, according to a financial filing. Its stores are known for selling all items for $1 although its Deal$ stores also sell items for more than $1.


In related News....

Family Dollar Stores Sticks With Dollar Tree, Refuses Dollar General's $9.1 Billion Offer

Source: Forbes, September, 2014


Family Dollar Stores said on Friday that its board of directors could not accept Dollar General’s $9.1 billion offer because of antitrust concerns as the dollar store  war continued.


Dollar General had recently increased its bid for Family Dollar, offering $80 a share in cash, up from $78.50 a share, and saying it would be willing to sell 1,500 stores to appease federal regulators and pay $500 million to Family Dollar if the transaction is upended for antitrust reasons.

Dollar General has been trying all summer to break-up the deal that rival dollar-store chain Dollar Tree has struck to buy Family Dollar for $74.50 per share.

"Our board of directors, with the assistance of outside advisors and consultants, reviewed all aspects of Dollar General’s revised proposal and unanimously concluded that it is not reasonably likely to be completed on the terms proposed," said Family Dollar CEO Howard Levine, in a statement. "There is a very real and material risk that the transaction proposed by Dollar General would fail to close, after a lengthy and disruptive review process."

Some people, like billionaire investor Carl Icahn, have suggested that Levine has been motivated to save his own job—Levine is unlikely to retain a role with Dollar General if it is successful in buying Family Dollar. But the decision to reject Dollar General’s offer has been backed by a prominent activist hedge fund, Trian Fund Managmenet, which has a seat on Family Dollar’s board.

"Dollar Tree has taken the antitrust risk off the table by committing to divest as many stores as necessary to obtain antitrust clearance," said Ed Garden, Trian’s co-founder who sits on Family Dollar’s board and voted to reject the Dollar General deal. "Dollar General’s revised proposal, on the other hand, does not eliminate regulatory risk for Family Dollar shareholders. Dollar General has repeatedly stated that antitrust is not a risk, yet they have put forth proposals that require Family Dollar shareholders to bear the ultimate risk."

Garden also dismissed Dollar General’s offer to pay a reverse break-up fee of $500 million if its deal fails for antitrust reasons. "Receiving a reverse breakup fee with an after-tax value of less than $3 a share does virtually nothing to compensate the Family Dollar shareholders for assuming that risk," Garden said.



My Commentary:

First off, safety in retail stores is often overlooked. Just because there are no obvious machines that can "chew up" employees does NOT mean that there are no safety hazards. Here are the major safety hazards and the OSHA training that I see at my retail clients:


  1. Fall Protection/LadderSafety: Clerks are always hanging new sales signs, getting items down from high shelves.
  2. HazCom/PPE: Clerks are always using cleaners to wipe down glass, displays, counters, etc.
  3. Walking/Working Surfaces: When it is raining, stores always have "Caution Wet Floor" signs, but that is NOT enough.


  4. Workplace Violence: By this I mean what to do if the store gets robbed, how managers handle cash and deposits, and procedures for early morning opening, late night closing/employees walking to cars. 
  5. Means of Egress: Stock is always blocking emergency exits, this has implications for workplace violence as well.
  6. Blood Borne Pathogens: I recommend this for any employee who cleans, I don't just mean janitorial staff. If clerks sweep the floor, pick up litter, etc. I have had more than one retail client tell me they have found hypodermic needles in their stores. Many shipping cartons have sharp staples and clothing is held together with straight pins.
  7. Box Cutter Safety: Today I still see clerks using just a razor blade to open boxes. This is a "BIG NO-NO!" More on box cutter safety below.


  8. Laser Safety: Cash registers use lasers to scan UPC codes. There are hand held and fixed scanners. Did you ever notice the warning label on them? Basically training is "don't look at the laser" and "don't shine it in anyone's eyes." Here is a link to OSHA's Laser Safety web page.




Here are some acceptable Safety Box Cutters:



These are no longer acceptable:






This is the Avery Easy Cut, I have one and love it!:



It comes with a holster....



Here is a link to Avery's "Easy Cut Safe Cutting Tips" in  PDF format.





Second, everything about dollar stores is focussed on "low cost."  I interviewed a Family Dollar executive for a paper I was writing in college. He told me that when they scout a new store location, they look for oil stains in the parking lot. People who earn less drive older cars. They know their customers very well.

With today's economy, many middle class (or what's left of it) people have migrated from the Target type stores to the Walmarts. Now they are migrating to the dollar stores. Wages are down, taxes are up, mandates (Obamacare) are up, etc. People are looking to save as much money as possible. I am sure that many safety people can attest to this fact...

That means low cost rent (for the retail space), low cost goods, and low cost employees. I am not saying that these companies ignore safety, but there are factors that correlate to "low cost" establishments. One may be the quality of the employees: they tend to be younger, less experienced, and less educated.

According to the Wall Street Journal:
Discounter Dollar Tree Inc. has racked up more workplace-safety violations this year at its stores than nearly any other business in the country, according to federal regulators, a surprise for a chain of retail outlets that had no explosion or worker fatality.
One possible reason is the increase in business is causing the company to get too big, too fast. That means not enough resources are going towards safety. I am sure that all budgets have been slashed with their purchase of Family Dollar for $9.1 Billion (yes, I said "BILLION" with a "B").

The problem that I see moving forward, is that with all mergers and acquisitions, the first thing done is eliminate all redundancy. That means eliminating the Family Dollar safety department, or as corporate PR says, blending it in.

I have seen some M&A in the past, where the acquiring company uses departments, people, technology, etc. of the acquired company that may be superior than their own. Dollar Tree may decide to keep Family Dollars safety department (in lieu of it's own) and adopt their safety practices (if they are superior to their's currently). This may solve Dollar Tree's safety issues.

To show how skewed the number of OSHA violations Dollar Tree has, I created a graph comparing the number of employees at Dollar Tree, what the combination of Dollar Tree and Family Dollar would be with out any cuts, AND the 10 largest US employers. You do the math....



Click on image to view full sized:




Thank you for reading.

Please leave comments.



Monday, September 15, 2014

OSHA Updates Recordkeeping Rule [Jan 1, 2015]


Tightening its standards, the government issued new regulations that will require employers to file a detailed report within eight hours on fatal workplace accidents. Severe on-the-job injuries that do not result in deaths but require hospitalization must be reported within 24 hours, under the new rules which take effect Jan. 1 2015.





Previously, OSHA’s regulations required such reports only if three or more workers were killed or hospitalized as a result of a workplace accident. The new 24-hour reporting requirement includes work-related hospitalizations, amputations or losses of an eye.

Many states already have these or stricter requirements on the books. The new rule follows the release earlier in the day of a Bureau of Labor Statistics report that 4,405 workers were killed on the job in the United States in 2013.

The new rule maintains the current exemption for any employer with 10 or fewer workers from the requirement to routinely keep records of worker injuries and illnesses.

Two Key Changes:

First, the rule updates the list of industries that are exempt from the requirement to routinely keep OSHA injury and illness records, due to relatively low occupational injury and illness rates.

The previous list of industries was based on the old Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system and injury and illness data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from 1996, 1997, and 1998.

The new list of industries that are exempt from routinely keeping OSHA injury and illness records is based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and injury and illness data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from 2007, 2008, and 2009.

Note: The new rule retains the exemption for any employer with ten or fewer employees, regardless of their industry classification, from the requirement to routinely keep records.

Second, the rule expands the list of severe work-related injuries that all covered employers must report to OSHA. The revised rule retains the current requirement to report all work-related fatalities within 8 hours and adds the requirement to report all work-related in-patient hospitalizations, amputations and loss of an eye within 24 hours to OSHA.

Establishments located in States under Federal OSHA jurisdiction must begin to comply with the new requirements on January 1, 2015.

Note: Establishments located in states that operate their own safety and health programs (State Plan States) should check with their state plan for the implementation date of the new requirements. OSHA encourages the states to implement the new coverage provisions on 1/1/2015, but some may not be able to meet this tight deadline.


Before and After


Previously, employers had to report the following to OSHA:

  • All work-related fatalities
  • Work-related hospitalizations of three or more employees


Starting in 2015, employers will have to report the following to OSHA:

  • All work-related fatalities
  • All work-related inpatient hospitalizations of one or more employees
  • All work-related amputations
  • All work-related losses of an eye




An amputation is defined as: the traumatic loss of a limb or other external body part. Amputations include a part, such as a limb or appendage, that has been severed, cut off, amputated (either completely or partially); fingertip amputations with or without bone loss; medical amputations resulting from irreparable damage; and amputations of body parts that have since been reattached.

Employers must report work-related fatalities within 8 hours of finding out about them.
Employers only have to report fatalities that occurred within 30 days of a work-related incident.

For any inpatient hospitalization, amputation, or eye loss employers must report the incident within 24 hours of learning about it. Employers only have to report an inpatient hospitalization, amputation or loss of an eye that occurs within 24 hours of a work-related incident.



Employers have three options for reporting the event:

  1. By telephone to the nearest OSHA Area Office during normal business hours.
  2. By telephone to the 24-hour OSHA hotline at 1-800-321-OSHA (6742).
  3. OSHA is developing a new means of reporting events electronically, which will be available soon at www.osha.gov.




Employers reporting a fatality, inpatient hospitalization, amputation or loss of an eye to OSHA must report the following information:

  • Establishment name
  • Location of the work-related incident
  • Time of the work-related incident
  • Type of reportable event (i.e., fatality, inpatient
  • hospitalization, amputation or loss of an eye)
  • Number of employees who suffered the event
  • Names of the employees who suffered the event
  • Contact person and his or her phone number
  • Brief description of the work-related incident


Employers do NOT have to report an event if it:

  • Resulted from a motor vehicle accident on a public street or highway. 
    • Note: Employers must report if the event happened in a construction work zone.
  • Occurred on a commercial or public transportation system (airplane, subway, bus, ferry, streetcar, light rail, train).
  • Occurred more than 30 days after the work- related incident in the case of a fatality or more than 24 hours after the work-related incident in the case of an inpatient hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye.
    • Note: Employers do not have to report an inpatient hospitalization if it was for diagnostic testing or observation only. 
    • Note: Employers do have to report an inpatient hospitalization due to a heart attack, if the heart attack resulted from a work-related incident.




New List of Partially Exempt Industries


4412 Other Motor Vehicle Dealers
4431 Electronics and Appliance Stores
4461 Health and Personal Care Stores
4471 Gasoline Stations
4481 Clothing Stores
4482 Shoe Stores
4483 Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores
4511 Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instrument Stores

4512 Book, Periodical, and Music Stores
4531 Florists
4532 Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores
4812 Nonscheduled Air Transportation
4861 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil
4862 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas
4869 Other Pipeline Transportation
4879 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other
4885 Freight Transportation Arrangement
5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers
5112 Software Publishers
5121 Motion Picture and Video Industries
5122 Sound Recording Industries


5151 Radio and Television Broadcasting
5172 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite)
5173 Telecommunications Resellers
5179 Other Telecommunications
5181 Internet Service Providers and Web Search Portals
5182 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services
5191 Other Information Services
5211 Monetary Authorities - Central Bank

5221 Depository Credit Intermediation
5222 Nondepository Credit Intermediation
5223 Activities Related to Credit Intermediation
5231 Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage
5232 Securities and Commodity Exchanges
5239 Other Financial Investment Activities
5241 Insurance Carriers
5242 Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related Activities
5251 Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds
5259 Other Investment Pools and Funds
5312 Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers
5331 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works)
5411 Legal Services

5412 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services
5413 Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services
5414 Specialized Design Services
5415 Computer Systems Design and Related Services
5416 Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services
5417 Scientific Research and Development Services
5418 Advertising and Related Services
5511 Management of Companies and Enterprises


5611 Office Administrative Services
5614 Business Support Services
5615 Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services
5616 Investigation and Security Services
6111 Elementary and Secondary Schools
6112 Junior Colleges
6113 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools
6114 Business Schools and Computer and Management Training
6115 Technical and Trade Schools
6116 Other Schools and Instruction
6117 Educational Support Services
6211 Offices of Physicians
6212 Offices of Dentists

6213 Offices of Other Health Practitioners
6214 Outpatient Care Centers
6215 Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories
6244 Child Day Care Services
7114 Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures
7115 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers
7213 Rooming and Boarding Houses
7221 Full-Service Restaurants

7222 Limited-Service Eating Places
7224 Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages)
8112 Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance
8114 Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance
8121 Personal Care Services
8122 Death Care Services
8131 Religious Organizations
8132 Grantmaking and Giving Services
8133 Social Advocacy Organizations
8134 Civic and Social Organizations
8139 Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations






Industries That Include Establishments Newly Required to Keep Records


3118 Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing
4411 Automobile dealers
4413 Automotive parts, accessories, and tire stores
4441 Building material and supplies dealers
4452 Specialty food stores
4453 Beer, wine, and liquor stores
4539 Other miscellaneous store retailers
4543 Direct selling establishments
5311 Lessors of real estate
5313 Activities related to real estate
5322 Consumer goods rental
5324 Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing
5419 Other professional, scientific, and technical services
5612 Facilities support services
5617 Services to buildings and dwellings
5619 Other support services
6219 Other ambulatory health care services
6241 Individual and family services
6242 Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services
7111 Performing arts companies
7113 Promoters of performing arts, sports, and similar events
7121 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions
7139 Other amusement and recreation industries
7223 Special food services
8129 Other personal services


OSHA Links:






Thank you for reading.


Thursday, August 28, 2014

SonicWALL LDAP Vulnerabilities


URGENT: Dell SonicWALL Notice Concerning Multiple LDAP Vulnerabilities:


Dell SonicWALL has identified multiple LDAP authentication protocol vulnerabilities exposed when SonicOS is configured to use Microsoft Active Directory / LDAP for authentication of AD/LDAP usernames who are members of SonicWALL Administrator groups.

Please immediately logon to MySonicWALL ( https://www.mysonicwall.com/ ) , go to “My Products > Issue List”, and carefully review the related Dell SonicWALL Service Bulletin to determine if firmware upgrade or configuration remediation is applicable: https://www.mysonicwall.com/profile/issueresolution.aspx

Tuesday, August 5, 2014

Cyber War, Safety, and OSHA Revisited

Back on January 31, 2013, I posted an article on this blog titled "Cyber War, Safety, and OSHA." I introduced the new term "Workplace Industrial Cyber Safety."

It looked at computer viruses affecting Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). PLCs are essentially mini-micro-computers (a single chip) that run large, complicated machines or processes.

As technology advances we find new products that are either the same benefit as old products but with the use of technology, OR products improved (with new technological features/improvements) that make them a separate product in their own right.

A good example of the first kind of product ( same benefit via technology) is the Internet joke, "MS Word for blondes." MS Word provides the same benefit (a correspondence for example) as a pencil. You need a letter (the benefit), whether you write it or type it.


An example of the second (product with technological features/improvements) would be the ipod (compared to the old walkman. It is (basically) the same product (a music player/radio) but with new technological features; plays MP3s, and connects to the Internet.


The same happened with PLCs. PACs are PLCs with technological improvements, mainly networking and user interface:
A few years ago, the term PAC (Programmable Automation Controller) started to appear. Many PLC manufacturers began to market new PAC's along with their traditional line of PLC's (see AutomationDirect.com HERE for an example). If you use AutomationDirect.com as an example, their traditional line of PLC's (DL05, DL06, and others) are still available - and still fairly inexpensive. The new Programmable Automation Controller in contrast, is predictably more expensive and has many more options for networking, expandability, and user interface. This seems to be the differentiation between the traditional PLC and the newer PAC: Relative cost, expandability, functionality, and user options. (Source: PLC Engineers)

The most important  (and dangerous) features are the networking and user interface. The options for the user interface means that a technician no longer has to plug a cable into a PLC and "terminal" in (think DOS terminal). The technician can now connect from any computer (which acts as the terminal) via a network.


The second dangerous feature is the networking. Networking is a means of linking electronic devices so they can share data. The Internet is a network. There are many different types of networks, the most popular being a wired network, a Bluetooth network, power line networking, and a Wi-Fi network. All these have the potential, and most likely will be connected to the Internet.

This will gives hackers direct access to the machinery via the internet. Even if the network is nor connected to the Internet, hackers may gain access through a process called "War Driving." This has the potential to create man-eating machines. Almost all security systems are Internet connected, so hackers can potentially watch as they take over machines.


What is even more frightening is that companies want to network the appliances in our homes. Whirlpool has created (and is selling) digitally networked appliances with what it calls its "6th Sense Live technology." Whirlpool has a refrigerator, a dishwasher and a washer/dryer unit, all network enabled.


This started as a novel idea of being able to control lighting and appliances in one's own home remotely. This allows each appliance to be link up to a household Wi-Fi network, show up on customer smartphones, tablets and PCs, and be controlled (turned on/off) from the devices. See here:


GE is pushing their "Smart Grid" that will let homeowners cut annual energy consumption to zero by 2015. Learn more about appliance networking here:


I have been warning my clients about this for over 10 years, and I am surprised that nobody has picked up on this yet. So far it has been about terrorist attacks on infrastructure (power grid, waste water plants, nuclear power plants, etc.) and in academia.

A Good Resource:

Dr. Raj Jain, a professor at Washington University in St. Louis has an excellent web page titled: "Security in Private Networks of Appliance Sensors and Actuators," you can download it in a .pdf file here:

My Predictions:

Everything is becoming more linked together. This is creating new, unseen hazards. As I stated previously, it may be 5-10 years before a fatality occurs from a machine who's PLC/PAC has been hacked or infected with a virus. It could be longer than that until it is (forensically) discovered that the cause was hacking or a virus.

My Advice:

There is hope. With consumer appliance and whole home networks being advanced, they will be the first networks hacked/infected. The consumer will not put up with refrigerators that can be hacked, turned off, and millions of dollars worth of food going bad. These advanced will carry over to industry. As a safety professional, you should begin educating yourself about PLCs and PACs.

Thank you for reading.






Friday, July 25, 2014

Accident Investigation

Look at the picture, then read down...



OK, read down...



DOWN...




DOWN...




Read on...

You are wondering what this picture has to do with safety and accident investigation? You  first probably noticed the girl's thong showing through her pants (women saying that is a fashion faux pas, men adding a point to their thong spotting score. )

Did you notice the DOG driving the white car? Go look.


So what does this picture have to do with accident investigation? Quite simply I ask: "What else are you missing?"

Just because you think you know where the scene is, you may be missing something. When I teach accident investigation, and my students determine the scene, we rope it off to investigate just like the police.




After  we investigate the scene, I ask: "What else are you missing?" I tell them that you will (usually) find something outside the scene that has a bearing on interpreting what caused the accident. My Rule of Thumb: 20 feet.

That is to say to say there is additional evidence at least 20 feet away from what you thought was the scene. For example an employee is injured by a machine that the guards were tampered with. What additional evidence can be more than 20 feet away?

How about a production memo that pressures employees to take shortcuts or devices being made in the maintenance shop that disable the guards?

Investigate Accurately, Recreate Accurately


You may do your "initial investigation" as soon as possible to preserve evidence, but do a thorough investigation accurately. If the accident happened on 3ed shift, come back then to do a thorough investigation. There may be dynamics that are only present on 3rd shift like employees coming from the bar to work.



If you recreate the accident scene, do it accurately.  I recreated a roof section that was involved with a fall. By comparing my pictures I had taken at the scene with the full sized model I built, I discovered that the rails and toe boards were not properly attached. I solved this when I noticed that my model had long common nails from where nailing the toe boards and rails missed the rafters.

This was confirmed by another visit to the scene and interview with employees. They did use nearly enough nails, not wanting to damage the new roof.

My 20 foot rule is no guarantee, BUT it is a reminder to think "outside the box" (or accident scene).

Thank you for reading.